A surgical procedure used to remove one or both breasts, either partially or entirely, and is often used as a treatment or preventive measure for individuals at significant risk of developing breast cancer.

Indications

• Treatment for Breast Cancer: Mastectomy is recommended when cancer is large relative to breast size or when multiple tumors are present.
• Prevention: This procedure is performed as a preventive measure in individuals with high risk of developing breast cancer, such as those with a strong family history of the disease or specific genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2.

Types of Mastectomy

• Total (Simple) Mastectomy: Removes entire breast tissue, including the nipple and areola.
• Modified Radical Mastectomy: Removes entire breast tissue, nipple, areola, and some axillary lymph nodes.
• Radical Mastectomy: Removes of the entire breast tissue, nipple, areola, underlying chest muscles, and axillary lymph nodes (rarely performed now due to advances in treatment).
• Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Involves removing breast tissue while preserving the breast skin envelope, often used alongside breast reconstruction.
• Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Involves removing breast tissue while preserving the nipple and areola complex, commonly used in conjunction with breast reconstruction.

Procedure

Mastectomy is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the breast to remove the tissue. In some cases, lymph nodes in the underarm area may also be removed. The extent of tissue removal depends on the type of mastectomy and the individual’s specific situation.

Recovery

Recovery time varies depending on the type of mastectomy and individual factors. Pain and discomfort are common post-surgery, but medications are prescribed to manage them. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore arm mobility and strength, particularly if lymph nodes are removed. Emotional support and counselling can also be beneficial in coping with the psychological impact of mastectomy.

Follow-Up

Follow-up care typically includes regular check-ups with the surgeon to monitor for recurrence or complications. Depending on the cancer stage and other factors, additional treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy) may be recommended.

A mastectomy offers a path to healing and peace of mind, supported by advancements in surgical techniques and reconstruction. It’s not just about removing tissue; it’s about reclaiming control and moving forward with confidence.