Cervical cancer begins in the cervix when healthy cells develop changes in their DNA. Not all precancerous cells will turn to cancer, but finding these cancerous cells and treating them before they can change is critical to preventing cervical cancer. It is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection.
Cervix: The lowest portion of the uterus resembling a donut, connects the uterus to the vagina's opening. Composed of cell tissues, it undergoes changes from healthy cells to precancerous ones.
Symptoms
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
- Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.
- Vaginal discharge may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odor.
Types of cervical cancer
The main types of cervical cancer are:
- Squamous cell carcinoma: The onset of cervical cancer occurs within thin, flat cells known as squamous cells, which form a lining on the outer surface of the cervix. Squamous cell carcinomas constitute the majority of cervical cancer cases.
- Adenocarcinoma: In this type of cervical cancer, it begins in the column-shaped gland cells that line the cervical canal.
Risk Factors
- HPV Infection
- Smoking
- Weak Immune System.
- Multiple Sexual Partners
Diagnosis
- Pap Smear Test
- HPV Test
- Biopsy
Treatment Options
- Surgery: Depending on the stage of the cancer, surgical options may include a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) or a trachelectomy (removal of the cervix).
- Radiation Therapy
- Chemotherapy
Prevention
Preventing HPV infection and related cancers is achievable through HPV vaccination. Regular screenings aid in early detection of various diseases, including cancer. Practicing safe sex reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Quitting smoking lowers the chances of developing numerous health issues, including cancers. Combining these measures promotes overall health and reduces the likelihood of serious medical conditions.
Cervical cancer is a health concern for women worldwide, but it is highly preventable, and it can treat with early detection and appropriate medical care. Vaccination against HPV, regular screening, and lifestyle changes can help lower the risk and improve outcomes for those affected by the disease.
